Contribution of Small Fish to Food Security and Nutrition in Coastal Communities: A Case Study of Pangani, Tanga Region, Tanzania

Contribution of Small Fish to Food Security and Nutrition in Coastal Communities: A Case Study of Pangani, Tanga Region, Tanzania

Small fish, defined as those less than 25 cm in length and consumed whole due to their small size, are a crucial, affordable source of nutrition for low-income populations. This study investigates the potential of small fish to contribute to food security and nutrition within households of the coastal communities. 

The research aimed to assess the contribution of small fish to household food and nutritional security in coastal areas. Household surveys, conducted through questionnaires and interviews, evaluated food consumption patterns and community perceptions regarding the role of small fish in food security and nutrition. A sample size of 10% (n=519) of the population was selected based on the 2022 population census of Tanzania. The initial household was randomly selected, followed by a systematic sampling interval for subsequent households.

Results indicated that small fish significantly contribute to all food security and nutrition dimensions. Their accessibility is enhanced by proximity to landing sites and affordability, often being freely distributed by relatives or available at low cost. Small fish are perceived as nutritious, healthy, and safe, with additional benefits such as aiding in healing broken bones and improving eye health. Over 80% of households stored small fish for consumption, indicating their consistent availability and stability due to storability. Most households consumed small fish once or twice daily, employing various cooking methods such as roasting, stewing, boiling, and frying. During preparation, some households removed parts of the fish, such as heads and viscera, while others consumed the entire fish, including bones. Gender and age considerations influenced food distribution within households. 

The study concludes that small fish are vital in ensuring food security and providing essential nutrition to coastal communities. Interventions should focus on promoting preparation methods that retain nutrient-rich parts of the fish and raising awareness about the nutritional needs of specific groups within these communities.