Socio-economic Analysis of Key Actors in Small Pelagic (Anchovies) Fishery in Zanzibar: Implications for Livelihood and Management

Socio-economic Analysis of Key Actors in Small Pelagic (Anchovies) Fishery in Zanzibar: Implications for Livelihood and Management

The small pelagic fishery, particularly anchovies, is a crucial source of income and food security in Zanzibar, employing over 10,000 people and contributing 34% of the total fish catch. Increased demand, driven by population growth, declined reef fish and export opportunities, has led to a significant rise in catches, from 2,700 tons in 2012 to 13,000 tons in 2020. However, this growing demand raises concerns about overexploitation, which could negatively impact coastal communities dependent on the fishery.

While many previous studies have primarily focused on the biological and environmental aspects of small pelagic fisheries, limited research exists on the socio-economic conditions of key actors and their implications for fishery management and livelihoods, particularly in Zanzibar. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the socio-economic conditions of key stakeholders (Fishers, processors and traders), their roles and interactions, external factors affecting management and livelihoods, and key production variables influencing the economic profitability of the fishery. Data will be collected through surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations.

By addressing these research objectives, this study will provide essential socio-economic insights to guide sustainable fisheries management. It will help policymakers develop strategies that balance long-term fishery sustainability with economic growth, environmental conservation, and community well-being. Additionally, by integrating economic theories of resource management, value chains, and market structures with ecological principles of fish population dynamics, the research highlights the connection between ecological health and economic viability. The findings will also serve as a valuable resource for investors, offering evidence-based insights to inform resource allocation and investment decisions in the small pelagic fishery sector. This research ultimately aims to support the sustainable development of Zanzibar’s small pelagic fishery by ensuring economic benefits for stakeholders while preserving marine resources for future generations.